Islamic world

Book of Animals

composition: secureauthorship: secure

Seven books of zoology, theology, poetry and digression invent the Arabic essay, and observe in passing that animals struggle for existence and that the survivors pass on what let them survive.

The work is organised loosely by species but proceeds by association, mixing anatomical observation, folklore, verse, theological argument and jokes. Al-Jahiz describes animals competing for food, preying on one another, and adapting to their environments, and remarks that these pressures shape what survives. Whether this constitutes an anticipation of natural selection is argued and generally treated with caution, but the observational habit is genuine. His prose style, digressive and self-aware, set the standard for Arabic literary essay writing.

Read the text

Commentary

Readers' notes on this work. No account needed - be scholarly, or at least civil.

Loading commentary…