Israel

Jewish Antiquities

Ioudaikē Archaiologia

The full sweep of Jewish history, from creation to the eve of the revolt against Rome, deserves to stand as a national history equal in dignity to Greek and Roman historiography, told for a Greco-Roman readership largely ignorant of it.

A twenty-book history of the Jewish people from creation to the outbreak of the war with Rome in AD 66, composed in Greek for a Greco-Roman readership by the same Judean-turned-Roman-client historian who wrote The Jewish War. Its earlier books closely paraphrase and retell the biblical narrative, drawing heavily on the Septuagint, while later books cover the Hasmonean, Herodian, and Roman-procuratorial periods largely absent from scripture, incorporating sources unavailable elsewhere. Written partly to present Judaism as an ancient, philosophically respectable tradition to a skeptical Greco-Roman audience, it preserves the only substantial non-Christian ancient references to figures including John the Baptist and, in a passage of long-disputed authenticity, Jesus of Nazareth.

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Descends from

  • Torah · composed c. 9th-5th century BC
  • Deuteronomistic History (Joshua-Kings) · compiled and redacted c. 650-550 BC (a first, Josianic-era edition; a second, exilic edition)
  • Septuagint · translated c. 280-100 BC; the Pentateuch first, traditionally dated c. 250 BC, with the remaining books following over the 2nd-1st century BC

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