Israel

Epistle of Barnabas

Βαρνάβα Ἐπιστολή

Reading the whole Torah as coded prophecy of Christ, the letter argues that Jewish practitioners of the literal law misread their own scripture and that the covenant always belonged, allegorically, to Christians alone.

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Descends from

  • Torah · composed c. 9th-5th century BC
  • 1 Enoch · a composite text assembled from sections composed c. 3rd century BC to the turn of the era; the latest section, the Similitudes (chs 37-71), may run as late as the 1st century AD and is conspicuously absent from Qumran

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