Japan

Hyakumanto Darani

composition: secureauthorship: traditional

A million printed Buddhist charms are produced and placed in miniature wooden pagodas as an act of merit, giving the earliest printed texts that survive with a securely documented date.

After suppressing a rebellion, the empress commissioned one million small wooden pagodas, each holding a printed dharani slip, distributed among ten temples. Substantial numbers survive. Whether they were printed from wood blocks or metal plates is argued, but the date is documented and the scale is not in doubt. The point was religious merit rather than communication, which is why printing at this scale did not immediately transform the circulation of texts.

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