Sumer

The Kesh Temple Hymn

liturgy to Nintud

A temple's holiness is proven by praising it in eight nearly identical stanzas that repeat with only the smallest variation, arguing that sacred order shows itself through disciplined repetition.

A hymn to the Keš temple of the birth goddess Nintud, structured as eight near-duplicate stanzas praising the temple's foundation, cult, and cosmic standing. Fragments appear among the Abu Salabikh tablets, making it, alongside the Instructions of Shuruppak, one of the oldest literary compositions with a continuous transmission history, since it remained a fixture of Old Babylonian scribal training many centuries later.

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