Greece

Bibliotheca

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A patriarch summarises and judges some two hundred and eighty books he has read, and thereby preserves the only trace of many works that did not survive.

The Bibliotheca gives, for each work, an account of its contents, often extended extracts, and Photios's own verdict on the style and reliability of the author. Roughly half the works he describes are otherwise lost, so his summaries are the sole evidence for large parts of Greek historiography, fiction and theology. The critical judgements are independent and sometimes severe, and the whole is the earliest sustained work of literary criticism to survive from Byzantium.

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