Israel

Ezekiel

Yechezkel

God's presence is not tied to the Jerusalem Temple but travels into exile with the people, so the deportation is neither abandonment nor defeat but a relocation of divine judgment and, eventually, of restoration.

A priest-prophet's book, distinctive among the Hebrew prophets for its strikingly visionary, almost hallucinatory imagery: a wheeled divine chariot-throne, a valley of dry bones brought back to life, an elaborate blueprint for a restored Temple. Composed among the community deported to Babylonia after 597 BC and settled by the Chebar canal at a site called Tel Abib, whose exact location is unidentified (Babylon anchors the place field here as the nearest fixed point), it shares the priestly legal tradition's close interest in ritual purity and sanctuary law, read by many scholars alongside the Torah's Holiness Code. Its vision of God's glory departing the Jerusalem Temple before its destruction, then returning to a purified one, reframed exile as a stage within divine plan rather than its failure, and its throne vision became foundational for later Jewish mysticism and for the throne imagery of Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature.

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Descends from

  • Torah · composed c. 9th-5th century BC

Fed into

  • Zechariah · c. 520-300 BC
  • Daniel · court tales composed c. 3rd century BC; the apocalyptic visions of chapters 7-12 composed c. 167-164 BC, during the persecution of Antiochus IV
  • 1 Enoch · a composite text assembled from sections composed c. 3rd century BC to the turn of the era; the latest section, the Similitudes (chs 37-71), may run as late as the 1st century AD and is conspicuously absent from Qumran
  • Revelation · generally dated c. AD 95, under Domitian; a minority view dates it to Nero's reign, c. AD 68-69

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